Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
##common.pageHeaderLogo.altText##

Architecture and Construction

May 20, 2022; Cambridge, United Kingdom: III International Scientific and Practical Conference «EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF TODAY: INTERSECTORAL ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCES»


TESTAMENT OF PETER I – TO IDENTIFY THE INITIATOR OF THE FORGED DOCUMENT


DOI
https://doi.org/10.36074/logos-20.05.2022.101
Published
27.06.2022

Abstract

Testament of Peter I became an outstanding bestseller among the world political
documents since it was published in the 10-ies of the XIX century. It reflected the fundamental
trends and directions of the Russian imperial policy thoroughly. Therefore, it was used as an
instrument of the ideological fight against the Russian Empire and then against its
successor — the Soviet Union by the western countries.
In addition to ideological disputes, the forged testament of Peter I attracted attention from a
scientific point of view. The question was to identify the party interested in creating such a
forged document, as well as the date and purpose of creation.
A completely different version unlike the previous ones has been established by the current
research. In particular, the initiator of the falsification of Peter I's testament was the King of
Prussia Frederick II.
The aforementioned initiative arose during the Seven Years' War in the 60-ies of XVIII
century, after the development of the rudimentary version of the Greek Project by Prussia
and Russia, when Frederick II had to hide his authorship of the Greek Project for his own
security and the security of the country as well.

References

  1. Abrams L. (2010) Oral History Theory, London: Routledge
  2. Aleksanyan I.E., Dorman V.A. The secret of the will of Peter I. In the collection: Human capital as a factor in the innovative development of society. a collection of articles of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. (14-18) 2018
  3. Aleksanyan I.E. Truth and fiction about the will of Peter I. Modern scientific research and development. (2, 11 (28) 76-80) 2018
  4. Bronikowski (1922) Das Politische Testament von 1752. Friedrich der Grosse. Die Politis-chen Testamente. Übersezt von F.v. Oppeln-Bronikowski. Berlin
  5. Blanc (1968) Histoire d’une phobie: le Testament de Pierre le Grand. Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique. (IX, vol 3–4, 265–293)
  6. Buchert V.G. (2007) Note E.V. Tarle about testament "Peter I." Archaeographic Yearbook for 2005.
  7. (513-515) Moscow
  8. Brundage A. (2017) Going to the Sources: A Guide to Historical Research and Writing, 6th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell
  9. Bloch M. (1952) Apologie pour l'histoire ou métier d'historien. Librairie Armand Colin, Paris
  10. Cross A.G. (2000) Peter the Great through British eyes: Perceptions and representations of the Tzar since 1698. (pp103–125). Cambridge,
  11. Chodzko (1839) La Pologne, Historique, Litteraire, Monumentale Et Illustrée, By Leonard Chodzko. Au bureau central, Paris
  12. Clifford J. (1980) President Truman and Peter the Great’s Will. Diplomatic History 4 (vol 4 pp 371—386)
  13. Chernyak (1991) Five centuries of secret war. From the history of secret diplomacy and intelligence. M.: International relations
  14. Collingwood R. (1993) The Idea of History. Rev. ed., edited and with a new introduction by J. van der Dussen, Clarendon Press, Oxford
  15. Danilova E.N. (1946) "Testament" of Peter the Great. Proceedings of the Historical and Archival Institute. (vol. 2. Pp 203-270)
  16. Danilova E.N. (1986) "Testament" of Peter the Great. Problems of methodology and source study of the history of Russian foreign policy: Collection of articles. Moscow (pp 213-279)
  17. Deco A. (2006) The case of Princess Tarakanovoy The great mysteries of the history of Princess Tarakanovai .Veche Moscow
  18. Debt S. (2001) The fate of the archive of Princess Tarakanova. Cultural monuments. New discoveries. 2000 (pp 7-18) Moscow
  19. Dyakov V. (1994) "Princess Tarakanova" according to half-forgotten archival sources. Slavic studies. (Vol 1. pp 67-79)
  20. Dolgova S. (2001) Fate archive of the Tarakanov princes. Memorial cultures. New revelations. Moscow (pp 7-18)
  21. Gaillardet (1836) Mémoires du chevalier d'Éon publiés pour la première fois sur les papiers fournis par sa famille : et d'après les matériaux authentiques déposés aux Archives des Affaires étrangères, (II), Paris
  22. Gaillardet (1836) Mémoires du chevalier d'Éon publiés pour la première fois sur les papiers fournis par sa famille: et d'après les matériaux authentiques déposés aux Archives des Affaires étrangères (I) Paris
  23. Gaillardet (1967) Mémoires du Chevalier d'Eon, capitaine de dragons, chevalier de Saint Louis, ministre plénipotentiaire de France à la cour d'Angleterre, (réimpr. Editions de Saint-Clair. 1re éd. 1836) (I) Paris
  24. Gaillardet (1967) Mémoires du Chevalier d'Eon, capitaine de dragons, chevalier de Saint Louis, ministre plénipotentiaire de France à la cour d'Angleterre (réimpr. Editions de Saint-Clair. 1re éd. 1836) (II), Paris
  25. Gregory I., Ell Paul S. (2008) Historical GIS: Technologies, Methodologies, and Scholarship, Cambridge University Press
  26. Hughes-Warrington M. (2007) Fifty Key Thinkers on History, London
  27. Iakovlev N. (1941) On the so-called "testament" of Peter the Great. Historical Journal. (vol 12. Pp 128-133)
  28. Iggers G., Wang Q. Edward (2013) A Global History of Modern Historiography, Routledge
  29. Iriye A. (2012) Global and Transnational History: The Past, Present, and Future, New York: Palgrave Pivot
  30. Jourdan E. (2004) Le Testament apocryphe de Pierre le Grand. Universalité d’un texte (1794–1836). Bulletin de l’Institut Pierre Renouvin. (xol.18. pp14-48)
  31. Karnovich E. P. (1884) Chevalier D’Eon. Obsessive and enigmatic figures of the XVIII and XIX centuries. SPb .: ed. А. С. Suvorin, (pp 66–108)
  32. Kaldellis A. (2014) A New Herodotos. Laonikos Chalkokondyles on the Ottoman Empire, the Fall of Byzantium, and the Emergence of the West, Dumbarton Oaks
  33. Kates Gary R. (1995) The Transgendered World of the Chevalier/Chevalière d'Eon. The Journal of Modern History. (Vol. 67, No. 3 Sep. pp. 558-594), Published By: The University of Chicago Press.
  34. Kurukin I.V. (2011) About "His bastards" and the will of Peter I. New historical bulletin. (vol. 2 (28). pp 120-125)
  35. Kurukin (2011) Knyazhna Tarakanova. Young Guard, Moscow
  36. Kurukin I.V. (2016) About "His bastards" and the will of Peter I. In the collection: New historical bulletin. elected, 2011-2015: 85 years of IAI - 25 years of the Russian State Humanitarian University. Ser. "Library of the" New Historical Bulletin "" Russian State Humanitarian University, Historical and Archival Institute. (pp 312-318). Moscow
  37. Kozlov V.I. (1996) Secrets of falsification. Analysis of forgeries of historical sources of the 18th-19th centuries. Aspect Press, (pp 77-89) Moscow
  38. Kondakov D.A. (2012) Ancient and Christian symbols and political myths in odes and dithyrambs of the Polotsk Jesuits in honor of Alexander. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Literature and Language Series, (vol 6 pp 53-58)
  39. Koselleck R. (2004) Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time, Columbia University Press
  40. Koselleck R.(2002) The Practice of Conceptual History: Timing History, Spacing Concepts, Palo Alto: Stanford University Press
  41. Lesur (1812) Des progrès de la puissance russe, depuis son origine jusqu'au commencement du XIXe siècle, Paris
  42. Lehovich D. V. (1948) The Testament of Peter the Great. American Slavic and East European Review, (Vol. 7,2; pp. 111—124)
  43. Lukacs J. (2000) Student’s Guide to the Study of History, ISI Books
  44. Langlois C, Seignobos C. (1992) Introduction aux études historiques. Editions Kimé, Paris
  45. Lambert P., Schofield P (2004) Making History: An introduction to the history and practices of a discipline. Routledge
  46. Munro D., Reid J. (2017) Clio’s Lives: Biographies And Autobiographies Of Historians, Acton: ANU Press,
  47. Mogilenski M. (1938) Napoleon Le Testament de Pierre le Grand. Le Monde Slave. (pp. 93-119)
  48. Mezin S.A. (2010) "Testament of Peter the Great": European myths and Russian reality. Russian history. (vol. 5. pp18-26).
  49. Mezin S.A. (2003) View from Europe. French authors of the 18th century about Peter I. (pp 169-183) Saratov.
  50. Medinsky (2010) On the Russian threat and secret plan of Peter I. Series: Myths about Russia. Publishing house: OLMA Media Group. Moscow
  51. Martens (1880) Collection of treatises and conventions concluded by Russia with foreign powers. Treatises with Germany. 1656-1762. (5) St. Petersburg
  52. Martens (1883) Collection of treatises and conventions concluded by Russia with foreign powers. T. 6, Treatises with Germany. 1762-1808, St. Petersburg
  53. Natsvaladze M. Georgia and the Secret Project for Redistribution Europe 70-80s of the 18th century, LXXVI International Scientific Review of the Problems and Prospects of Modern Science and Education, (p 38-46) 23 December, 2020 Boston. USA.
  54. Natsvaladze M. Greek Project – Clue to the History of Georgia 50-90-ies of XVIII Century. XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference Social and Economic Aspects of Education in Modern Society. (Vol.1, p. 38-43) November 25, 2020, Warsaw, Poland.
  55. Natsvaladze M. (2020) Sensational Unknown Facts from Georgian Diplomacy of 90-ies of XVIII Century, International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science. No 7(28) p.77-85
  56. Natsvaladze M. Explanation of one conceptual subtext of a “Greek Project”, XI International Conference. Science and Practice: a new level of integration in the modern world, Scope Academic House, (p 164-168) September, 10 - November, 30, 2020, Sheffield, UK
  57. Natsvaladze M. Capuchin Monks and the Russian Agents in Georgia in the 80s of the 18th Century, Bridge to science: research works. San Francisco, California, USA September 10-december 15 2020 (pp 154-159)
  58. Natsvaladze M (2020). Unknown Details of the 1795 Ambassadorial Mission of Georgia to Europe. 15th International Silk Road Virtual Conference. Conference Proseedings (Silk Road 2020), (Pp 218-228) Oct. 09-10, 2020, Tbilisi, Georgia.
  59. Natsvaladze M. (2020) Unknown details of the confrontation between the special services at the Royal Court of Irakli II, November 27-29, 2020, Tbilisi, Telavi, Technical University, Telavi State University, International scientific and educational conference dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the birth of Irakli II , (vol.1, pp. 172-183) Tbilisi Telavi 2020,
  60. Natsvaladze M. (2021) Unknown backstages of Georgian Diplomacy in the 80-ies of the XVIII Century, European Journal of Humanities and Educational Advancements (EJHEA) Vol. 2 No. 1, pp 84-91
  61. Natsvaladze M. Russian Empire and Georgian-Austrian Diplomatic Relations in the 80s of the XVIII century. «Humanities and Social Sciences in Europe: Achievements and Perspectives». Proceedings of the 7th International symposium (pp 12-26) January 25, 2020. Premier Publishing s.r.o. Vienna. 2021.
  62. Natsvaladze M. Unknown anatomy of Georgian diplomatic assassinations. Scientific Collection «InterConf», (42): 1st International Scientific and Practical Conference «Theory and Practice of Science: Key Aspects» (pp. 623-645) February 19-20, 2021, Rome, Italy.
  63. Natsvaladze , M.. The Caucasian GambiT of World Emperes and Erekle II, Collection of scientific papers «ΛΌГOΣ» with Proceedings of the II International Scientific and Practical Conference (Vol. 2, pp 161-176), May 28,2021. Oxford,
  64. Natsvaladze M. (2020) Georgian-Austrian Unknown Preludes to Georgievski's Treatise, Collection of Scientific Papers, Iakob Gogebashvili Telavi State University № 1 (33) p. 31-43
  65. Natsvaladze M (2020). Georgian Paradigms of the Greek Project, Kartvelian Heritage XXIV, Kutaisi, p. 124-139
  66. Natsvaladze (2021) Russian Dramaturgy of the assassinations of the European ambassadors Erekle II. Scientific journal (vol. 4 (59), 29-41) Moscow
  67. Natsvaladze M. “Persian Project” – one part Erekle’s safe Caucasus model, Collection of scientific papers «ΛΌГOΣ» with Proceedings of the I International Scientific and Practical Conference (Vol. 4 pp. 82-91), Cambridge, March 19, 2021. Cambridge-Vinnytsia: P.C. Publishing House & European Scientific Platform, 2021.
  68. Natsvaladze M. The seven years' war and Caucasian outline of the Greak Project. Collection de papiers scientifiques «ΛΌГOΣ» avec des matériaux de la II conférence scientifique et pratique internationale
  69. (Vol. 2, p 71-86), Paris, 1er octobre 2021. Paris-Vinnytsia: La Fedeltà & Plateforme scientifique européenne, 2021.
  70. Natsvaladze M. Georgian-Austrian political variations of the 80-ies of the XVIII century. Scientific Collection «InterConf», (50): with the Proceedings of the 8thInternational Scientific and Practical Conference «Scientific Horizon in The Context of Social Crises» (April11-12, 2021, pp 351-363). Japan:Otsuki Press, 2021. Tokyo,
  71. Natsvaladze M. Paradigms for the State Security Model of Erekle II. Scientific Collection «InterConf», (53): with the Proceedings of the 7th International Scientific and Practical Conference «International Forum: Problems and Scientific Solutions» (April 25-26, 2021). Melbourne, Australia: CSIRO Publishing House, 2021. P. 322-342.
  72. Natsvaladze M. Stalin against Engels - For the Historiography of the Greek Project. Collection of scientific papers «ΛΌГOΣ» with Proceedings of the II International Scientific and Practical Conference Education and science of today: intersectoral issues and development of sciences: (Vol. 2, pp 110-124) Cambridge,October 29, 2021.
  73. Natsvaladze M. For the interrelationship between the Seven Years' War and the Caucasian segment of the Greek project. 16th INTERNATIONAL SILK ROAD VIRTUAL CONFERENCE. Conference Proceedings. 16th International Silk Road Remote Conference October (14-15, pp. 244-263) 2021 Tbilisi, Georgia
  74. Natsvaladze M. (2021) The Caucasian Gambit of World Empires and Erekle II. Kartvelian Heritage (vol XXV, pp.183-201) Kutaisi
  75. Panchulidzev S. (1905) Impostor Tarakanova. Papers about her from the Archive of the State Council. Russian archive. (vol 31. pp 425-443).
  76. Partanenko T.V., Ushakov V.A. (2006) The image of Russia in revolutionary France ("Testament of Peter the Great"). In the collection: The Great French Revolution, Napoleon's Empire and Europe. Materials of the international scientific conference dedicated to the memory of Professor V.G. Revunenkov. (Pp. 72-79).
  77. Panin V. (1867) About an impostor posing as the daughter of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. According to archival sources. Readings at the Society of Russian History and Antiquities. (CHOIDR). (vol 1. Pp 1-91)
  78. Pavlenko N. (1979) Three so-called wills of Peter I.Questions of history. (vol. 2. Pp 129-144)
  79. Problems of methodology and source study of the history of Russian foreign policy (1986): a collection of articles / Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Institute of History of the USSR; Resp. ed. A. L. Narochnitsky. Moscow: Nauka,
  80. Quigley C. (1979) The evolution of civilizations. An introduction to historical analysis, Publisher: Liberty Fund Inc.
  81. Raaflaub K. (2010) Thinking, Recording, and Writing History in the Ancient World, Wiley-Blackwell,.
  82. Richter S. (2015) Instruments to Ensure the Dynasty in Russia under Peter I and Ekaterina I: Co-Regency and the Role of German Testaments. Problems of social histories and cultures of the Middle Ages and early modern times. (vol 12 pp 308-335)
  83. Ragsdale H. (1980) Detente in the Napoleonic Era: Bonaparte and the Russians. Lawrence: Regents Press of Kansas.
  84. Stroev A. (2007) Gabriel Sénac de Meilhan, éditeur des faux. L'Art de la préface au siècle des Lumières. (pp. 111-118) Rennes, Presses Universitaires de Rennes,
  85. Stroev A. (2008) Des histoires alternatives: des projets pour la littérature, l'histoire et l'histoire de l'art. Frontières de l'histoire littéraire / éd. J. Bessière, J. Maar. (pp. 145-156) Paris.
  86. Stroev A. (2011) Des fausses lettres des vrais philosophes. Amadis. (vol. 9 pp 47-65)
  87. Stroev A.F. (2013) Genre of fake political wills: from Peter І to I.V. Stalin. Culture and art. (vol. 5. pp 487-508)
  88. Sokolnicki M. A (1912) Propos du centenaire de 1812: le Testament de Pierre le Grand. Origines d'un prétendu document historique. Revue des sciences politiques. (vol XXVII, pp. 88-98).
  89. Soloviev (1895-1896) History of Russia from ancient times: (4), publication of the Highest Approved Partnership "Public Benefit," St. Petersburg
  90. Shubinsky S. N. (1877) Imaginary testament of Peter I.Ancient and New Russia (pp97-106)
  91. Taysen (2016) Die militärischen Testamente von 1752 und 1768: Aus den politischen Testamenten Friedrich II. (Heerwesen) nebst einem Kommentar von A. Taysen aus dem Jahre 1879. Potsdam