In the modern world, the growing volume of transmitted data and high demands for speed and reliability of internet connections contribute to the active development of optical fiber networks. Modeling and optimization of such networks are important research directions that not only enhance their productivity but also reduce operational costs, ensure scalability, and increase the resilience of the infrastructure. This article analyzes contemporary mathematical models and algorithms used for designing and improving global optical fiber networks. Methods of routing, load balancing, and the application of artificial intelligence for automatic network tuning are considered. As a result of the research, recommendations are proposed for selecting optimal approaches for building an efficient internet infrastructure and increasing its capacity to handle the growing amount of information.
