Since 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted established global logistics chains, impacting not only transportation routes and modes but also primary suppliers and manufacturers. These shifts have significantly affected international trade routes. An even greater challenge arose for Ukraine in 2022, as the full-scale russian invasion further intensified logistical issues and brought even more changes to international supply chains. These disruptions inevitably led to rising costs in logistics processes. According to Expert Market Research, the global logistics market reached nearly $9.96 trillion in 2022, with an anticipated average growth rate of 6.3% over the next five years. Another notable trend was the rise in freight transportation costs, affecting both international and domestic markets. In Ukraine, freight rail tariffs, in particular, saw a 2.4-fold increase compared to 2021.
